Structural failure
Single Point Of Control
A founder or single executive with unilateral authority over customer funds, treasury, or critical infrastructure. No documented checks.
Records exhibiting this pattern
Michelle Bond November Trial in FTX Finance Case
A federal judge in Manhattan set Michelle Bond’s criminal trial for Nov. 9, 2026 after denying her motion to dismiss an indictment alleging unlawful funding of her 2022 congressional campaign.
$400000 affectedCFTC Action Over Alleged $14M Crypto Pool Fraud
A reported CFTC case alleged that a North Carolina man and his company used a commodity pool tied to crypto and futures trading to obtain about $14 million from about 60 people.
$14.0M affectedAptos Move VM flaw patched after critical disclosure
Hexens reported a critical Aptos Move virtual machine vulnerability on February 25, 2026; Aptos stated that it triaged and patched the issue within hours, while researchers estimated up to $70 billion in systemic exposure.
$70.00B affectedOFAC Sanctioned 134 ISIS-K Crypto Addresses in 2026
Treasury added 131 Tron wallets and 3 Monero wallets to the ISIS-K sanctions entry on July 2, 2026, and CoinDesk reported that Tether froze balances on all sanctioned Tron addresses.
$1.4M affectedEdel Finance Lending Pause After wGOOGLx Mispricing
Edel Finance halted its version-one lending system after a wrapped tokenized Google stock was mispriced at about 78x, producing roughly $403,000 in bad debt despite correct Chainlink reference pricing.
$403000 affectedKnaken Bankruptcy Proceedings After Customer Funds Freeze
Dutch prosecutors sought bankruptcy orders against Knaken entities after the platform went offline in early June, with an estimated 30,000 customers reportedly unable to access holdings amid a separate criminal probe.
Ukraine Put Seized $8.3M USDT Under ARMA Control
Ukrainian prosecutors said more than $8.3 million in USDT tied to an alleged hacking group was transferred to ARMA, described as the country’s first placement of seized crypto under state management.
$8.3M affectedPolymarket Wallet Theft After Frontend Script Injection
About $3.1 million in PUSD was taken from 11 user wallets after Polymarket said a compromised third-party vendor injected malicious code into parts of its frontend; full refunds were promised.
$3.1M affectedMemeCore M Token Collapse Without Confirmed Trigger
MemeCore’s M token fell from near $2.92 to as low as $0.51 within 24 hours, erasing close to $3 billion in market value on roughly $21 million in volume, with no confirmed exploit, hack, or public catalyst identified.
$3.00B affectedSecondFi Cardano Wallet Exploit and Address-Level Flaw
SecondFi attributed a Cardano wallet exploit to an address-level defect in wallet generation and signing, reporting 374 affected addresses, about 16 million ADA impacted, and emergency custody of roughly 129 million ADA.
$2.4M affectedHut 8 Settled Merger-Linked Investor Suit for $2.35M
A reported $2.35 million settlement resolved a securities class action tied to disclosure claims arising from Hut 8’s 2023 merger with U.S. Bitcoin Corp., with key procedural and factual details still not established in the present record.
$2.4M affectedjaredfromsubway.eth Drain via Fake Route Approvals
A reported exploit of the Ethereum MEV bot jaredfromsubway.eth used fabricated trading routes, fake token infrastructure, and standing approvals to remove more than $7.5 million.
$7.5M affectedTexas Brothers Plead Guilty in $8M Crypto Kidnapping
Federal prosecutors said two Texas brothers traveled to Minnesota, held a family at gunpoint for more than eight hours, and coerced the transfer of over $8 million in cryptocurrency.
$8.0M affectedAztec Connect Deprecated Contract Exploit on Ethereum
A deprecated Aztec Connect contract was drained on 2026-06-15 after a verification-settlement mismatch was reportedly exploited, with Aztec Labs stating the current Aztec network was unaffected.
$2.1M affectedHumanity Protocol: $36M Social-Engineering Token Theft
Quantstamp attributed Humanity Protocol’s loss of $36 million in H tokens to a phishing email impersonating Bithumb, subsequent malware-based laptop compromise, and theft of MetaMask credentials and private keys.
$36.0M affectedMisam Abidi Indicted Over Star Credit Holdings Scheme
Federal prosecutors in Tennessee alleged that Misam M. Abidi used Star Credit Holdings to run a cryptocurrency Ponzi scheme from 2020 to 2024, with investors reportedly solicited across the United States.
$1.0M affectedStar Credit Holdings Indictment in Alleged Ponzi Case
Federal prosecutors alleged that Misam M. Abidi used Star Credit Holdings from 2020 to 2024 to solicit crypto investments with false return and reserve claims, diverting more than $1.9 million and prompting an 11-count indictment.
$1.9M affectedRaydium Retired AMM Exploit Drained Five Inactive Pools
Raydium said a retired Solana AMM program was exploited on 2026-06-10, draining roughly $1.34 million from five inactive liquidity pools, with the treasury designated to compensate affected users.
$1.3M affectedGnosis Pay Delay Module Exploit — June 2026
Gnosis Pay disclosed an active exploit affecting its delay module and card wallet infrastructure on June 1, 2026, then said the issue was being contained and all affected users would be reimbursed in full.
$— affectedGravity Bridge Halted After Reported $5.4M Exploit
Gravity Bridge, a Cosmos-Ethereum bridge, was reported exploited on 2026-05-31 for about $5.4 million; public reporting and analyst commentary pointed to a possible signing-key or contract-key compromise, after which the bridge was halted.
$5.4M affected